Poetry and Songs during the Ratification of the Constitution
Often it is assumed that the Ratification process was exclusively the province of the well to do of American society. As the national debates enveloped the country, the discussions were not just confined within the halls of power. Pauline Maier has rightly noted in her book Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787-1788 that, “the debate raged in newspapers, taverns, coffeehouses and over dinner tables as well as in the Confederation Congress, state legislatures and state ratifying conventions.” Many newspapers featured sections specifically devoted to poetry and frequently ran pieces relating to the Constitution and the ratification process. At times the offerings in these publications were not genteel. For a particularly insightful treatment of the rough and tumble nature of political verse of the Founding Period, see Louie M. Miner’s Our Rude Forefathers: American Political Verse, 1783-1788 (Cedar Rapids: The Torch Press, (1937). It follows then that we have a wide range of opinion in our selections. Click on a title to read the lyrics or poetry.
Songs during the Ratification Debates
- A Federal Song, Albany Journal, 4 August, 1788 (pdf)
- A Song, New York Journal, 28 June 1788 (pdf)
- Our Liberty Tree: A Federal Song, Massachusetts Centinel, 29 December 1787 (pdf)
- The Scourge, Carlisle Gazette, 23 January 1788 (pdf)
- A Yankee: Pennsylvania Mercury, 21 February 1788 (pdf)
- The Grand Constitution, Massachusetts Centinel, 6 October 1787 (pdf)
- Albany Federal Herald, 25 February 1788 (pdf)
Poetry and the Ratification of the Constitution
- The News-Mongers’ Song for the Winter of 1788 in the Albany Gazette, 15 November 1787 (pdf)
- Lansingburgh Northern Centinel, 27 November 1787-A parody of the News-Mongers’ Song (pdf)
- Lansingburgh Northern Centinel, 11 December 1787-An attack on Governor George Clinton (pdf)
- Lansingburgh Northern Centinel, 18 December 1787-Another attack on Governor George Clinton (pdf)
- Our Liberty Tree: A Federal Song, Massachusetts Centinel, 29 December 1787 (pdf)
- George Washington’s Election to the Convention, Philadelphia Independent Gazetteer, 9 April 1787 (pdf)
- The Forc’d Alliance, Middlesex Gazette, 31 December 1787 (pdf)
- Essex Journal, 9 January 1788 (pdf)
- Virginia Herald, 10 January 1788 (pdf)
- A Country Dialog, Newport Herald, 17 January 1788 (pdf)
- The Fabrick of Freedom, 8 March 1788 (pdf)
- Poughkeepsie Country Journal, 8 July 1788 (pdf)
- Merry and Wise, Newport Mercury, 14 July 1788 (pdf)
- Samuel Low: Ode for the New York Federal Procession, 23 July 1788 (pdf)
- Massachusetts Centinel, 29 October 1788 (pdf)
- A.B. (Francis Hopkinson): The Raising, Pennsylvania Gazette, 6 December 1788 (pdf)
- A Real Old Whig, Massachusetts Centinel, 4 November 1789 (pdf)
- The American Union Completed, Boston Independent Chronicle, 3 June 1790 (pdf)